Planetary Conjunctions 2025: What Are These Two Bright “Stars” in the Sky?
Spotted two bright dots shining side by side? It could be planets! Use the free Sky Tonight app to check when to spot them in your city. Also, learn when the next planetary pairing will be visible in the sky by reading this article.
Contents
- What is planetary conjunction?
- Locating planets with Sky Tonight
- When to see two planets close together in 2025?
- Planetary conjunctions: bottom line
What is planetary conjunction?
In simple words, a planetary conjunction occurs when two or more planets appear close to each other in the sky. Such proximity of planets is an optical illusion — in reality, they are very far away from each other.
From an astronomical point of view, a conjunction happens when celestial objects share the same right ascension or ecliptic longitude in the sky.
To really understand what a conjunction is, let's also break down what right ascension and ecliptic longitude are.
Right ascension is the equivalent of longitude on the Earth’s surface projected onto the celestial sphere.
Ecliptic is an imaginary line that marks the Sun’s apparent path across the sky during a year. Ecliptic longitude is measured along the ecliptic eastwards from the Sun’s position at the March equinox. For a clearer understanding of celestial coordinates, explore our dedicated infographic.
When planets are at their closest angular separation but do not have the same right ascension or ecliptic longitude, this is called a close approach. A close approach and a conjunction often occur close together, but not always, so don't confuse these events!
Usually, the distance between objects during a conjunction varies from 0.5° to 9°. To get it better, imagine that 0.5° is the average width of a Full Moon disk.
A conjunction can include other celestial objects besides planets — for example, moons, asteroids, or stars. In our article, we list the upcoming conjunctions of the Moon and planets, so you can learn which planet is close to the Moon tonight.
Planetary conjunction and planetary alignment: what’s the difference?
Some people confuse a planetary conjunction and a planetary alignment, sometimes referred to as a “planet parade.” In an alignment, more than two planets gather closely in the same area of the sky as seen from Earth. Interestingly, some planets can simultaneously be in conjunction with each other while also part of a planetary alignment.
Curious about planetary alignments and when to see the next planetary parade? Check out our regularly updated infographic!
What is a triple conjunction?
A triple conjunction is an astronomical event when two planets, or a planet and a star, appear to meet in the sky three times within a short period (over a few weeks or months). This is due to the change in the planets’ apparent motion as seen from the Earth. Normally, planets drift eastward against the background stars in a prograde direction, but then they appear to reverse direction (go retrograde) for a while before returning to their normal prograde motion. The first conjunction of the planets happens while both move prograde, the second occurs when at least one of them appears to reverse course, and the third — after one or both of them resume forward motion.
Triple conjunctions should not be confused with planetary alignments, where multiple planets gather closely in the sky. Unlike alignments, a triple conjunction only involves two celestial objects repeatedly meeting in the sky.
There are three main types of triple conjunctions:
-
Between inferior planets*: These occur almost every time Venus passes behind the Sun (superior conjunction), but the second conjunction is usually hidden in the Sun’s glare. Less frequently, they occur when both planets pass between the Earth and the Sun (inferior conjunction), but again, the second conjunction is often unobservable.
-
Between an inferior planet and a superior planet**: The triple conjunctions of this type occur about once every 10 years. They happen when an inferior planet is in its retrograde phase while a superior planet is near opposition. Typically, the second conjunction happens when the inferior planet is too close to the Sun to be seen. However, if bright planets like Venus and Jupiter are involved, all three conjunctions may be easily visible.
-
Between two superior planets: These occur about once every 10 years, too, but those featuring only bright planets (Mars, Jupiter, or Saturn) are extremely rare, happening once in a century at most. All three conjunctions can typically be observed in this type of triple conjunction. Both planets, being outside Earth’s orbit, reach opposition to the Sun in the sky near that period, so none of the three meetings are lost in the Sun’s glare. The next triple conjunction of this type is the triple conjunction of Saturn and Neptune in 2025–2026.
*Inferior planets are those that orbit closer to the Sun than the Earth: Mercury and Venus.
**Superior planets are those that orbit further out from the Sun than the Earth: Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
What is a Great Conjunction?
A Great Conjunction is a conjunction between Saturn and Jupiter. It’s called “great” because it’s the rarest conjunction between naked-eye planets. Saturn and Jupiter move slowly around the Sun and encounter roughly every 20 years when Jupiter “overtakes” Saturn in its orbit. The most recent Great Conjunction took place in 2020, when the two planets appeared just 0.1° apart, the closest since 1623. Next time, a Great Conjunction will occur on November 4, 2040.
Locating planets with Sky Tonight
You can easily locate planets in the sky above you with the help of Sky Tonight. Just follow these steps:
- Launch the app and type the name of the planet you're looking for in the search bar.
- Tap the blue target button next to the relevant result, and the app will show you the planet's location on the sky map.
- Tap the blue compass button to find the planet's actual position in the sky above you. A white arrow will appear on your screen, so you can follow it until you spot the planet. The app's image matches the real sky.
When to see two planets close together in 2025?
May 24: Mercury near Uranus
- Conjunction time: 22:55 GMT
- Conjunction distance: 0°07'
- Close approach time: 23:21 GMT
- Close approach distance: 0°07'
On May 24, Mercury (mag -1.7) and Uranus (mag 5.8) will appear very close together in the constellation Taurus. Unfortunately, both planets will be too close to the Sun to be visible.
June 8, 2025: Jupiter near Mercury
- Close approach time: 19:07 GMT (3:07 p.m. ET)
- Close approach distance: 1°57'
- Conjunction time: 20:14 GMT (4:14 p.m. ET)
- Conjunction distance: 1°58'
On June 8, Jupiter (mag -1.9) will pass close to Mercury (mag -1.2) in the sky. Observe them with the naked eye in the constellation Taurus. However, for some locations, they’ll be too close to the Sun in the sky, making them a bit tricky to spot. Try catching them low on the horizon in the evening!
August 12, 2025: Jupiter near Venus
- Close approach time: 06:37 GMT (2:37 a.m. ET)
- Close approach distance: 0°51'
- Conjunction time: 07:44 GMT (3:44 a.m. ET)
- Conjunction distance: 0°51'
On August 12, don’t miss one of the year’s best planetary conjunctions! Venus (mag -4.0) and Jupiter (mag -1.9) will shine side by side in the constellation Gemini, so close that you could cover both with your little finger held at arm’s length. Look toward the eastern horizon before sunrise. As the two brightest planets in the sky, Venus and Jupiter will be easily visible to the naked eye.
Triple conjunction of Saturn and Neptune 2025-2026
- First conjunction: June 29, 2025, at 08:20 GMT, with a separation of 0°59′
- Second conjunction: August 6, 2025, at 09:51 GMT, with a separation of 1°09′
- Third conjunction: February 16, 2026, at 03:38 GMT, with a separation of 0°54′
Saturn (mag 1.0-1.1) and Neptune (mag 7.9) will meet three times within a few months in the constellation Pisces, sharing the same right ascension. Saturn is bright and easily visible to the naked eye. Neptune remains faint, requiring binoculars or a telescope to spot.
Their first conjunction occurs on June 29, 2025, when they will be visible for a few hours before sunrise. Shortly after, Neptune enters retrograde motion on July 5, followed by Saturn on July 14, a key factor for the triple conjunction to occur. The second conjunction happens on August 6, 2025, with both planets visible all night. As Saturn resumes prograde motion on November 28 and Neptune on December 10, 2025, the planets will meet once more. Their third and final conjunction occurs on February 16, 2026, with the planets visible for a few hours after sunset.
This will be the last conjunction of Saturn and Neptune for a long time. The planets will not meet this close again until 2132!
Planetary conjunctions: bottom line
Planetary conjunctions are beautiful events when planets appear close together in the sky. From an astronomical point of view, they occur when objects share the same right ascension or ecliptic longitude. Need help finding them? The Sky Tonight app makes it super easy to locate planets and enjoy the night sky. Happy stargazing!
