倪éœã®ããã¿ïŒãããããã解説
倪éœã¯å®å®ã§æãç 究ãããŠããæã§ããããŸã 解æãããŠããªãããšããããããããŸãã倪éœã¯å°çäžã®çåœã«ãšã£ãŠæ¬ ãããªãååšã§ããã芳枬ããã«ãæé©ã§ãããå®å šã«è¡ãããšã倧åã§ãã芳枬ãèšç»ããéã«ã¯ãSky Tonightã¢ããªã䜿çšããŠã¿ãŠãã ãããããã«ãããããªãã®å°åã®ç°ãªãèæææã®æ£ç¢ºãªæéãç¥ãããšãã§ããå®ç§ãªããžãã¯ã¢ã¯ãŒãå¿ ãæããããšãã§ããŸãããããç§ãã¡ã®è²Žéãªæ¯ãªãæããã£ãšããç¥ããŸãããïŒ
å 容
- 倪éœã®ç¹åŸŽ
- 倪éœã®äžç
- 倪éœã®æ§é
- 倪éœã®èŠ³æž¬æ¹æ³
- ãããã質å
- 倪éœïŒçµè«
倪éœã®ç¹åŸŽ
- æ£åŒå称ïŒå€ªéœ
- å¥åïŒãœã«ãããªãªã¹
- ã«ã¿ãã°æå®ïŒãªã
- æã®ã¿ã€ãïŒGå䞻系åæ
- èŠããã®ççŽïŒ-26.74
- 質éïŒ2 x 10³ⰠkgãçŽ333,000å°ç質é
- å 床ïŒ3.828Ã10²ⶠW
- ååŸïŒ695,700 km
- è¡šé¢æž©åºŠïŒçŽ5,600°C
- æåïŒæ°ŽçŽ 71%ãããªãŠã 27%ããã®ä»ã®å çŽ 2%
- å°çãŸã§ã®è·é¢ïŒ1å4960äž km
- èªè»¢åšæïŒèµ€éã§ã¯çŽ25å°çæ¥ã極ã§ã¯çŽ35å°çæ¥
倪éœã®æã®çš®é¡
倪éœã¯yellow dwarfãšããŠç¥ãããŠãããäžè¬çã«G2 Vã®äž»ç³»åæãšåŒã°ããŠããŸãããG2ãã®æå®ã¯ãè¡šé¢æž©åºŠãçŽ5800Kã§ããé»è²ã®Gã¯ã©ã¹ã®2çªç®ã®ã«ããŽãªãŒã«äœçœ®ããŠããããšãæå³ããŸãããVãã¯ã䞻系åæãšããŠã®å°äœãè¡šããŠããŸãã
倪éœã®å€§ãã
倪éœã¯å€ªéœç³»ã§æ倧ã®ç©äœã§ãããäžå¿ããè¡šé¢ãŸã§çŽ695,700 kmã®åºãããæã£ãŠããŸãã倪éœç³»å šäœã®è³ªéã®99.86ïŒ ãå ããçŽ130äžåã®å°çãå容ã§ããã»ã©å€§ããã§ãïŒããããå®å®å šäœããèŠãã°ã倪éœã¯å¹³åçãªå€§ããã®æãšèŠãªãããŠããŸããæã«ã¯ã倪éœã®ååã®äžã®ãµã€ãºã®ãã®ããã700å以äžå€§ãããã®ãŸã§æ§ã ã§ãã
倪éœã®æž©åºŠ
倪éœã®æž©åºŠã¯éåžžã«å€åãæ¿ãããäžå¿éšã§çŽ1500äžÂ°Cããè¡šé¢ã§çŽ5600°CãŸã§ç°ãªããŸããè¡šé¢ãã涌ããããšãããŠããŸãããããã§ãéåžžã«é«æž©ãªãããåºäœã液äœã¯åœ¢æãããã倪éœã«ã¯å®éã®åºäœã®è¡šé¢ããããŸããããããã£ãŠãããšãç±ããäœãšãèãããããšããŠãã倪éœã®äžã«ç«ã€ããšã¯ã§ããŸããã
å®å®ã®æž©åºŠã¯æ³åã絶ãããã®ããããŸããã©ãã»ã©ç±ãïŒãŸãã¯å¯ãïŒãªããã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ãåŸãããã«ã倪éœç³»æž©åºŠèšã®ã€ã³ãã©ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ãã芧ãã ããã
倪éœã®è²
倪éœã¯å®éã«ã¯çœè²ã§ããããã¯ãå¯èŠå ç·ã®ãã¹ãŠã®è²ãæŸåºããŠããããšãæå³ããŸããããããå°çäžããèŠããšãå°å¹³ç·è¿ãã§ã¯ãªã¬ã³ãžé»è²ãèµ€ã«èŠããããšããããŸããããã¯ãå°çã®å€§æ°ãèµ€ããªã¬ã³ãžãé»è²ã®å ã®æ³¢é·ãããéãå ã®çãæ³¢é·ãããå¹ççã«æ£ä¹±ããããã§ãããã®ãããã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®äžéšãèŠéãããã®ã§ãã
倪éœã¯èªè»¢ããŠããŸããïŒ
倪éœã¯åæèšåãã®æ¹åã§èªè»¢ããŸãã¯å転ããŠããŸãããã ããå°çã®ããã«åºäœã§ã¯ãªãããã®ç°ãªãéšåãç°ãªãé床ã§å転ããŸãã倪éœã®èµ€éã¯å®å šãªå転ãå®æããã®ã«çŽ25æ¥ãããã極ã¯çŽ35æ¥ã§äžå転ããŸãã
倪éœã¯ãŸãã倩ã®å·éæ²³ã®äžå¿ãæèšåãã«åããŠããŸãã倪éœãéæ²³ã®äžå¿ãäžåšããã®ã«çŽ2å25äžå¹Žãã2å50äžå¹ŽããããŸãã
倪éœã®äžç
倪éœã®å¹Žéœ¢
倪éœã¯çŽ46å幎åã«åœ¢æãããçŸåšãã®å¯¿åœã®äžéç¹ã«ãããŸãã倪éœã¯ãããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³IããšåŒã°ããæã®äžä»£ã«å±ããŠãããããã¯è¥ããéå±ãè±å¯ãªæã§ãäž»ã«å€©ã®å·éæ²³ã®èºæè ã«ååšããŸãã
倪éœã®åœ¢æ
çŽ46å幎åã倪éœã¯äž»ã«æ°ŽçŽ ãšããªãŠã ãããªãååé²ãã圢æãå§ããŸãããè¿ãã§èµ·ãã£ãæã®ççºã«ããè¡ææ³¢ããã®é²ãæã¡ããããåçž®ãå§ããåå ãšãªããŸãããåçž®ããã«ã€ããŠãé²ã®éšåãèªèº«ã®éåã«ãã£ãŠå åŽã«èœã¡èŸŒã¿ãå転ããªããç±ã垯ã³ãŠãããŸãããã»ãšãã©ã®æ°ŽçŽ ãšããªãŠã ã¯ããã®ç±ãå転ããå¡ã®äžå¿ã«éãŸããŸãããæçµçã«ãã¬ã¹ã¯æ žèåãéå§ããã®ã«ååãªé«æž©ã«éããä»æ¥ç§ãã¡ãèŠã倪éœã圢æãããŸããã
倪éœã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæº
æ žèåã倪éœãååæºãšããäž»èŠãªéçšã§ãããã®èåäžã«ã倪éœã®äžå¿ã«ããæ°ŽçŽ ååãããªãŠã ååã«èåããè«å€§ãªãšãã«ã®ãŒãç±ãšå ãšããŠæŸåºããŸãã
11幎åšæã®å€ªéœæŽ»åãšã¯ïŒ
倪éœæŽ»ååšæããŸãã¯å€ªéœç£æ°æŽ»ååšæããããã¯é»ç¹åšæãšãåŒã°ãããã®åšæã¯ãçŽ11幎ããšã«å€ªéœã®æŽ»åã«å€åãèŠãããåšæã§ãããã®åšæäžã倪éœã®ç£æ¥µãå ¥ãæ¿ãããŸã â ãã€ãŠå極ã ã£ããã®ãå極ã«ãªãããã®éãåæ§ã§ãããããŠã極ãåã³å ¥ãæ¿ãããŸã§ã«ããã«11幎ããããŸãã
倪éœã®è¡šé¢ã«èŠããé»ç¹ã®æ°ã¯ããã®åšæã«ãã£ãŠå€åããŸããåšæã®åãã倪éœæ¥µå°æãšåŒã°ãã段éã§ã¯ã倪éœã¯ããå°æ°ã®å°ããªé»ç¹ãæã€ããšããããé»ç¹ãå šããªãæããããŸãããããã®é»ç¹ã¯éåžžãäœç·¯åºŠã«çŸããŸããåšæãé²ãã«ã€ããŠå€ªéœæŽ»åã¯å¢å ããåšæã®äžéã§ãã倪éœæ¥µå€§æã«ããŒã¯ã«éããŸãããã®æç¹ã§ã倪éœã«ã¯æ倧ã§250åã®é»ç¹ããããã¯é»ç¹ã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒãååšããããšããããŸããåšæã®çµããã«åãã£ãŠæŽ»åã¯åã³æžå°ããæå°æã«æ»ãããããŠæ°ããªåšæãå§ãŸããŸãã
倪éœãççºããã®ã¯ãã€ïŒ
ããã¯æ±ºããŠèµ·ãããŸãããçŽ50å幎åŸã倪éœã¯å䞻系åæããèµ€è²å·šæã«å€ãããŸããæ°ŽçŽ ãå°œããã«ã€ããŠã倪éœã®äžå¿æ žã¯åçž®ããå ç±ãããããªãŠã ãçæãšããŠäœ¿çšãå§ããŸããããã«ããã倪éœã¯å€§å¹ ã«èšåŒµããæ°Žæãéæãããããå°çã飲ã¿èŸŒãããšã«ãªããŸãã
çŸåšã®å€§ããã®çŽ200åãŸã§èšåŒµããåŸã倪éœã®äžå¿æ žã¯çŽ1åKãŸã§å ç±ãããããªãŠã ãççŽ ã«å€ããéçšãå§ããŸãããã®æ¿ãã掻åã«ããã倪éœã¯ãã®å€å±€ã倱ããæ®ã£ãäžå¿æ žã¯åŽ©å£ããŠçœè²ç®æã«ãªããŸããããã¯å°çãšåããµã€ãºã«äŒŒãŠããŸãããã®åŸãçœè²ç®æã¯ãã£ãããšæ¶ããŠãæãå·ããé»è²ç®æãšããŠã®æçµæ®µéã«å ¥ããŸãã
人éãšã¯ç°ãªããæã«ã¯æ確ã§å®å®ããã©ã€ããµã€ã¯ã«ããããŸããæã®å¯¿åœã«ã€ããŠãã£ãšåŠã¶ã«ã¯ã楜ããã€ã³ãã©ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ãã芧ãã ããã
倪éœã®æ§é
倪éœã¯äžèŠãããšã«ãªã¹ã§æ²žéš°ããŠãããããªçäœã«èŠããŸãããå®éã«ã¯éåžžã«æ§é åãããŠãããæ確ãªå±€ã«åããããŠããŸãããããã®å±€ã¯å å±€ãšå€å±€ã«å€§å¥ãããŸãã
å å±€ïŒ
- ã³ã¢ïŒæ žïŒïŒå€ªéœã®äžã§æãç±ãéšåã§ã枩床ã¯æ倧ã§1500äžÂ°Cã«éããŸãã倪éœãšãã«ã®ãŒã®äž»èŠãªæºã§ãã
- æŸå°å±€ïŒæ žã®æ žåå¿ããã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãæŸå°ãéããŠå¯Ÿæµåž¯ãžãšç§»åãããå±€ã§ãã
- 察æµå±€ïŒå ç±ããå·åŽãããã¬ã¹ã®å¯Ÿæµé»æµãéããŠããšãã«ã®ãŒãå çã«éã°ããå±€ã§ãã
å€å±€ïŒ
- å çïŒå€ªéœã®èŠããäžã®è¡šé¢ã§ãå°çã«çŽæ¥å±ãå ã®ã»ãšãã©ãæŸåºããŸãã
- 圩局ïŒå çã®äžã«ãããã©ãºãã®å±€ã§ããã£ã©ã¡ã³ããçŽ çãªã©ã®ç¹åŸŽãèŠãããŸããè±å¯ãªæ°ŽçŽ ã«ããèµ€è²ã垯ã³ãŠãããå®å šæ¥é£ã®éã«ã®ã¿å€ªéœã®ç«¯ã§èŠãããšãã§ããŸãã
- é·ç§»é åïŒäžéšåœ©å±€ã®2äžKããã³ããã®200äžK以äžãžãšæž©åºŠãæ¥æ¿ã«äžæãããåãçŽ100kmã®éåžžã«èãå±€ã§ãã
- ã³ããïŒå€ªéœã®æãå€åŽã«äœçœ®ããå±€ã§ãæã倧ããå¯åºŠã®äœãæ§é ã§ãå®å®ã«éãåºããã©ãºãã§æ§æãããŠããŸãã倪éœé¢šã¯ã³ããã®ç©è³ªãææéåªäœãžãšéã³ãŸããã³ããã¯å°çããå®å šæ¥é£ã®éã«ã®ã¿èŠãããšãã§ããŸãã
倪éœã®èŠ³æž¬æ¹æ³
å®å šèŠå
ãŸãæåã«ïŒæ±ºããŠå€ªéœãçŽæ¥èŠãããç¹å¥ãªãã£ã«ã¿ãŒãªãã§åçŒé¡ãæé é¡ãªã©ã®æ©åšã䜿çšããŠå€ªéœã芳å¯ããªãã§ãã ãããæããæ¥å ã¯ãç¹ã«å åŠæ©åšã§æ¡å€§ãããå Žåãç®ãå·ã€ãããã倱æãåŒãèµ·ããããšããããŸããããã«ãä¿è·ãããŠããªãå åŠæ©åšèªäœãæå·ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã倪éœãéšåçã«é²ã«èŠãããŠããå Žåã§ãå®å šã§ã¯ãããŸããããªããªãã玫å€ç·ãèµ€å€ç·ã網èã«ãã¡ãŒãžãäžããå¯èœæ§ãããããã§ãããŸããæ®éã®ãµã³ã°ã©ã¹ã䜿ã£ãŠå€ªéœãèŠãããšã¯çµ¶å¯Ÿã«é¿ããŠãã ããã倪éœãçŽæ¥å®å šã«èŠãå¯äžã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãç¹å¥ã«äœããã倪éœãã£ã«ã¿ãŒã䜿çšããããšã§ãããŸãã¯ã家ã§ç°¡åã«äœãããã³ããŒã«ã«ã¡ã©ã䜿ã£ãŠéæ¥çã«èŠ³å¯ãè©Šã¿ãããšãã§ããŸãã
ä»æ¥ã®æ¥ã®åºãšæ¥ã®å ¥ã
ããªãã®è¡ã®æ¥ã®åºãšæ¥ã®å ¥ãã®æéãç¥ãããããŸãã¯åžæ°èæã倩æèæãèªæµ·èæã®æéãªã©ãããå ·äœçãªæ å ±ãã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããå Žåã¯ãSky Tonightã¢ããªã®ã«ã¬ã³ããŒããã§ãã¯ããŠãã ããã空ã®ã¿ããéããã奜ã¿ã®è¡šç€ºåœ¢åŒïŒã©ã€ã³ãŸãã¯ãµãŒã¯ã«ïŒãéžæããŸããéã§ãã€ã©ã€ããããæéã¯ã€ã³ã¿ã©ã¯ãã£ãã§ãããã®æéã«ç©ºãã©ã®ããã«èŠãããã確èªããããã«ããããã¯ãªãã¯ããŠãã ããã
倪éœé¢ã§èŠãããšãã§ããã
é©åãªæ©åšãæã¡ããã¹ãŠã®å®å šå¯Ÿçãè¬ããå Žåã倪éœã®ä»¥äžã®èå³æ·±ãç¹åŸŽã芳å¯ããæºåãæŽããŸãïŒ
- é»ç¹ïŒãããŠããè±: sunspotïŒã¯å€ªéœã®ç£å Žã«ãã£ãŠåŒãèµ·ãããã倪éœäžã®æãæç¹ã§ãæãç°¡åã«èŠãããšãã§ããŸãã
- ç²ç¶æïŒãã ããããã¯ããè±: granuleïŒã¯å€ªéœã®è¡šé¢ã«ããå°ããªæ³¡ã®ããã«èŠããçŽ5åãã10åéæç¶ããŸããé«åçã®æé é¡ã§æãããèŠãããšãã§ããŸãã
- çŽ çïŒãããããè±: solar prominenceïŒã¯å€ªéœããé£ã³åºãçŸãã倧ããªèµ€ãã¬ã¹ã®ã«ãŒãã§ããå®å šæ¥é£ã®éãç¹æ®ãªH-alphaæé é¡ã§èŠãããšãã§ããŸãã
- ãã£ã©ã¡ã³ãïŒfilamentïŒã¯çŽ çã«äŒŒãŠããŸããã倪éœã®æããè¡šé¢ã«å¯ŸããŠé·ãæã糞ã®ããã«èŠããŸããããã芳å¯ããã«ã¯H-alphaæé é¡ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
- æã ãå ææã®éæãšæ°Žæãç§ãã¡ã®èŠç¹ãã倪éœã®åãééããŸããéæã®ééã¯éåžžã«çããã次ã¯2117幎12æãš2125幎ã«çºçããŸããæ°Žæã®ééã¯ããäžè¬çã§ã次ã¯2032幎11æ12æ¥ãã13æ¥ããããŠ2039幎11æ7æ¥ã«ãããŸãã
- åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ïŒISSïŒã®ééã¯ããé »ç¹ã«èµ·ãããŸããISS Transit Finderã䜿çšããŠãããªãã®å Žæãã倪éœã暪åãISSããã€èŠãããšãã§ããããç¥ãããšãã§ããŸãã
倪éœã®è¡šé¢ã§èŠ³å¯ã§ããçŸè±¡ã«å ããŠã倪éœã«ãã£ãŠåŒãèµ·ããããå€ãã®çŸãã倧æ°å¹æããããŸããæããæ¥å ã®äžã§äœãèŠãããããç¥ãããã«ãæŒéã®å€©æåŠã«é¢ããåœç€Ÿã®èšäºããã§ãã¯ããŠãã ããã
æ¥é£äžã«å€ªéœé¢ã§èŠãããã®
äžè¿°ã®ç¹åŸŽã«å ããŠãçæ¢æ¥é£ã®éã«ã¯ã倪éœã®æãå€åŽã®å€§æ°å±€ã§ããã³ãããèŠã絶奜ã®æ©äŒããããŸãããŸãããã€ãªãŒã»ããŒãºãšãã€ã€ã¢ã³ããªã³ã°ã«ã泚ç®ããŠãã ããããã€ãªãŒã®ããŒãºã¯ãæã倪éœãã»ãŒèŠã£ããšãã«çŸãã倪éœã®æåŸã®å ãæã®å±±ãè°·ãééããŠãäžé£ã®å ãç¹ã圢æããŸãããã€ã€ã¢ã³ããªã³ã°å¹æã¯ããããã®ããŒãºã®ãã¡1ã€ã ããæ®ããèŒããªã³ã°ã®äžã«ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã®ããã«èŒããšãã«çºçããŸãã
ãããã®çŸè±¡ã¯ã倪éœã®è¡šé¢ã ãã§ãªãããããåãå·»ã倧æ°ã®ç¶æ ã芳å¯ããããã®çŽ æŽãããæ©äŒãæäŸããŸããçæ¢æ¥é£ã¯ããããã®çãããšçŸãã倩äœã·ã§ãŒãç®ã®åœããã«ãã貎éãªãã£ã³ã¹ã§ãã®ã§ãå®å šã«èŠ³å¯ãè¡ããŸãããã
ãããã質å
倪éœã¯æã§ããïŒ
倪éœã¯ãå®å®ã«ååšããäœååãã®æã®äžã€ã«ãããŸãããæãšææãåºå¥ãããã®ã¯äœãã«ã€ããŠåŠã¶ããã«ãã€ã³ãã©ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ããã§ãã¯ããŠãã ããã
ãã¹ãŠã®æã¯å€ªéœã§ããïŒ
æãææç³»ã®äžå¿ã«äœçœ®ããŠããå Žåããã®æã¯å€ªéœãšèŠãªãããŸãããããã£ãŠããã¹ãŠã®æã倪éœã§ããããã§ã¯ãããŸããããç§ãã¡ã®å€ªéœä»¥å€ã«ãå€ãã®å€ªéœãååšããŸãã
倪éœã«æ¬¡ãæãæããæã¯äœã§ããïŒ
倪éœã«æ¬¡ãã§ç©ºã§æãæããæã¯ããããã¬åº§ã«ãããç¬ã®æããšåŒã°ããã·ãªãŠã¹ã§ãã
å°çã¯å€ªéœã«è¿ã¥ããŠããŸããïŒ
æã«ã¯å°çã倪éœã«è¿ã¥ããæã«ã¯é ããããŸããããã¯å°çãæ¥åè»éã移åããŠããããã§ã倪éœããã®è·é¢ã¯1å4700äžããã¡ãŒãã«ãã1å5200äžããã¡ãŒãã«ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŸããå°çã倪éœã«æãè¿ãç¹ãè¿æ¥ç¹ãšåŒã³ãæãé ãç¹ãé æ¥ç¹ãšåŒã³ãŸãã
倪éœãæãç±ãã®ã¯ãã€ã§ããïŒ
å°çäžã§ã¯ã倪éœã®çŽå°æ¥å ãååã«ç©ºæ°ãæããæéãçµéããæ£åæ°æéåŸã«æãç±ãæããããŸãããããã倪éœã®å®éã®æž©åºŠã¯ã»ãšãã©å€ãããŸããã幎éãéããŠæž©åºŠå€åã¯0.2%æªæºã§ããããã®ããããªå€åã¯å°äžã§æããæããã«ã»ãšãã©åœ±é¿ããŸããã
倪éœïŒçµè«
倪éœã¯ãå°çäžã®çåœãç¶æããã ãã§ãªããæ¯ãã®ããããªæ¯èŠ³ãæäŸãã壮倧ãªå€©äœã§ããã§ããããå€ç©ºèŠ³æž¬ã«ãšã©ãŸãããæŒéã空ãèŠäžããŠã¿ãŸãããïŒSky Tonightã䜿ã£ãŠãããªãã®è¡ã®å€©æåŠçãèªæµ·çãåžæ°çèæã®æ£ç¢ºãªæéã調ã¹ãŠãã ããããããŠã倪éœã®å ã«ãã£ãŠäœãåºããã倧æ°çŸè±¡ããã倪éœè¡šé¢ã§èžãé»ç¹ãŸã§ã倪éœã®å šçŸãããçºèŠããŸãããã